Ispaghula (Plantago ovata Forssk.)

Abstract

Abstract Ispaghula is a dietary fiber obtained from the seed husk of Plantago ovata Forsk. (Plantaginaceae). It is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter preparations worldwide, mainly utilized to regulate bowel habits and clean the intestine. Currently, there is scientific evidence of the usefulness of ispaghula for several gastrointestinal diseases, namely constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and ulcerative colitis. It can also reduce the risks of metabolic conditions by regulating glucose levels in diabetic patients, reducing lipid levels in hyperlipidemics, and aiding weight control. More clinical studies are however needed to better evaluate its safety and possible interactions when consumed concomitantly with medications. Owing to its gel-forming, biocompatible, and biodegradable nature, ispaghula has enormous potential to be used for drug delivery, heavy metal ion scavenger, or waste water remediation applications.