Smart, Portable, and Noninvasive Diagnostic Biosensors for Healthcare

Abstract

Abstract This chapter is a short review of the current research in noninvasive sweat and gas sensors for healthcare applications. Recent studies on the detection of various sweat biomarkers such as glucose, lactose, and metal ions by using wearable sensors have been explored. Respiration sensing using humidity in breath to monitor sleep disorders, cardiovascular, and pulmonary diseases is discussed. Selective volatile organic compound sensors and arrays of sensors to detect specific diseases and discrimination of multiple diseases are reviewed. Finally, the use of ingestible sensors, an emerging and convenient technology, to diagnose various diseases using gas profiles in the gut is described. In conclusion, we reflect on the challenges and future scope of these diagnosing techniques.