Personalized Nutrition by Predicting Glycemic Responses

Abstract

Abstract For a minority of people with impaired glucose responses the general recommendations seem to be inefficient. Α high interpersonal variability in postprandial glucose responses has been observed after the consumption of the same food product by different people. Traditional methods for predicting postmeal glucose, such as carbohydrate context and glycemic index, cannot explain interpersonal variability. Factors that affect this variability and need to be taken into account are based on interindividual differences between them and include genetic and environmental features of individuals, such as eating behavior, gut microbiota, phenotype, genotype, and physical activity. This chapter presents recent studies in the field of personalized nutrition in relation to blood glucose (BG) responses, focusing on individual responses to lifestyle interventions. Although some of these findings support the finding that personalized dietary interventions can predict BG responses accurately, we are still at the beginning.