Phytopharmaceuticals: Efficacy, safety, and regulation

Abstract

Abstract Phytopharmaceuticals are plant-derived compounds that have pharmacological activities. They make up a good part of drugs made from plant-based molecules as opposed to synthetics. Phytopharmaceuticals are accessed in form of whole fruits, purees, vegetables, prepacked fruits, and/or vegetable products and supplements. They play essential roles in the maintenance of sound human body functions. Phytopharmaceuticals largely work by targeting specific receptors, interrupting disease pathways, and disrupting pathogenic life cycles. This chapter evaluates benefits of phytochemicals and discusses important methods in assessing safety and efficacy of these products including potential risks and gaps in the area. Industrialization prospects including research and development (R&D) of phytopharmaceuticals and selected mechanisms of action against body disorders have also been discussed. The last section looks at regulation of the products in various countries, threats, and opportunities and what the future holds for phytopharmaceuticals.