Biological therapeutic modalities

Abstract

Abstract Nature, from time immemorial, has continued to inspire humans to find therapies and treatments for different diseases that affect their health. Pharmaceutical and biotech industries are using hints from nature, shifting their focus from the conventional chemically synthesized medicines to biological components like peptides, protein, enzymes, or their complexes and oligonucleotides like DNA or small interfering RNA for the development of drugs. In this chapter, we will study the different classical modalities used as bio-therapeutics and understand the need for the emergence of this technology. Then, we will briefly look into the various novel biological modalities that either are in the research pipeline or commercialized in the market for therapeutic purposes. The list provided in the chapter encompasses all the modalities varying by size and organization from small molecules to the cell-based immunotherapies and a consortium of the whole organism like the microbiome-based therapeutics.