Global climate change

Abstract

Abstract The gradual increase in global temperature due to the enhanced emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases has led to climate change. Climate change is a long-term phenomenon taken as the statistical mean of the weather of at least 30 years. Both natural and anthropogenic causes cause it. The natural causes are a variation of Earth’s orbit, solar variability, plate tectonics, and volcanic eruptions. Whereas, the emission of greenhouse gases from fossils fuel burning, industries, and deforestation are the primary anthropogenic sources. The studies have reported that since 1900, greenhouse gas emissions from industries, fossils fuels, and deforestation have increased the global temperature by 1°C. It has been projected that if the current scenario of increasing greenhouse gases will be continued, the temperature of the Earth will be increased from 0.6 to 4°C till 2050. The global rise of temperature has reduced the extent of glaciers, ice, and snow. The temperature-sensitive species of fish, mammals, and insects have also migrated due to the rise in ocean water temperature. Climate change has resulted in several extreme weather events such as rise in sea level, flood, drought, desertification, forest fire, loss of biodiversity, ocean acidification, shrinking of Arctic sea ice.