Fate of an antibiotic and its effects on nitrogen transformation functional bacteria in integrated vertical flow constructed wetlands

Abstract

Abstract This study aims to provide insights into the fate and effects of the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) on nitrogen transformation processes in integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW), which is useful to create strategies to improve their degradation and combat antibiotic resistance dissemination. Findings indicated chronic exposure to SMX to cause moderate deterioration of IVCW performance for nitrogen removal (p