Mesozoic tectono-magmatic response in the East Asian ocean-continent connection zone to subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate

Abstract

Abstract The Mesozoic Western Pacific subduction system significantly impacted the North China and South China blocks along the East Asian continental margin and influenced the tectonic, magmatic, metallogenic and geomorphic evolution of the region. However, the dynamics and impact on the zone along the East Asian ocean-continent connection zone remain debated. Here we provide a comprehensive synthesis of the state-of-the-art information from deformation analysis, magmatism, geochronology, tomography and other fields from this region. We evaluate first the pre-Yanshanian (pre-Jurassic) final assembly of blocks and the Late Triassic formation of the unified continental margin in East China. We then focus on the Jurassic and Cretaceous geological processes in the East Asian ocean-continent connection zone. The temporal and spatial evolution of structural propagation, sedimentary depocentre, age zonation and migration of magmatism, as well as the large-scale tectono-morphological inversion in the Earth surface system combined with deep processes, are probed. In the early Yanshannian Period (Early and Middle Jurassic, 200–160\u202fMa), the destruction of the North China Craton (NCC) was mainly affected by the westward early-stage layered rollback, and stepwise delamination and thinning of its continental lithosphere, resulting in the early Yanshanian westward migration of tectonism and magmatism. Coevally, the combined effect of the closure of the Mongal-Okhotsk Ocean to the north and the subduction of the Bangong-Co- Nujiang Ocean to the south imparted an overall compressional setting in the East Asian Ocean-Continent Connection Zone (EAOCCZ). The centres of asthenospheric upwelling and mantle extrusion at depth continued to migrate eastward, driving the eastward lithospheric thinning with periodic and alternating extension and compression. The South China Block experienced a westward flat subduction during the early Yanshanian Period, resulting in the westward propagation of deformation and magmatism, followed by late two-stage delamination to induce the eastward tectono-magmatism. The difference in tectono-magmatic styles between the North China and South China blocks is a result of the different mechanisms and syles of the deep delamination processes under the superconvergence regime of the East Asian and adjacent plates. Especially delamination under North China generated the northwestward layered and fractured subcontinental lithospheric mantle, whereas under the eastern South China Block, were the oceanic lithospheric mantle of the Paleo- Pacific Plate that underwent flat subduction, or continental garnet peridotite mantle. In the middle Yanshanian Period (Late Jurassic to early Early Cretaceous, 160–125\u202fMa), the EAOCCZ underwent escape tectonics to form some basins related to strike slip faulting. Generally the extensional basins in the tails of the triangular-shaped escape blocks are perpendicular to the extrusion direction. The transtensional or transpressional basins are controlled by the strike slip faults distributed on both sides of the triangular block, and the flexural basins occur in front. In the late Yanshanian Period (late Early Cretaceous-Late Cretaceous, 125–65\u202fMa), the Paleo-Pacific (Izanagi) Plate subducted NNW-ward beneath the Eurasian continent, and the subduction angles changed gradually following eastward mantle extrusion induced by the closure of the Okhotsk Ocean to the north and Bangong-Nujiang Ocean to the south, as well as the rollback and subduction retreat of the Paleo-Pacific Plate to the east. The EAOCCZ gradually experienced lithospheric collapse and the formation of metamorphic core complexes, as well as obvious landscape reversal. During 70–45\u202fMa, the Izanagi-Pacific Ridge subducted beneath the EAOCCZ to induce wide uplift resulting in the formation of the Cenozoic dextral transtension-related basins.