Classification of cityscape areas according to landmarks visibility analysis

Abstract

Abstract The paper introduces a method of computational analysis of cityscape called Weighted Visual Exposure Map (WVEM). The method aims at supporting the process of examining attractive vistas in a city. The value of a vista is calculated for each point of the city. The assessment depends on the visibility of selected landmarks that are the most important for the image of a city. The WVEM algorithm includes: a) number of landmarks that can be seen from a given point; b) range of vertical exposure of each landmark; and c) individual weight reflecting the importance of a landmark for the cityscape. The more landmarks can be seen from a given location, the higher the value of the vista. The WVEM calculation process aims at showing the distribution of the most valuable locations in the city. The result is geometrically unequivocal. It depends on initial assumptions (selection and parameters of landmarks) and 3D city model used. The study presented WVEM analyses based on the Digital Surface Model (DSM) that was suitable for the architectural scale (0.5\u202fm grid) for the area in excess of 20km2. The landmark visibility analysis used the Visual Impact Size (VIS) method. The VIS application and WVEM emulation were based on software developed by the authors (C++). Guidelines how to apply the WVEM method for other places and using other software was also discussed. The WVEM method can be used in spatial planning to support the process of determining strategic vistas. This can be a starting point for defining principles of cityscape protection and development.