Dynamic simulation and life cycle cost analysis of a MSF desalination system driven by solar parabolic trough collectors using TRNSYS software: A comparative study in different world regions

Abstract

Abstract In the present work, water desalination by solar energy is investigated based on life cycle cost. In the first step, regions under consideration are prioritized for solar energy utilization applying an appropriate ranking method based on desalinated water demand, saline water availability, annual average solar irradiation, and local water tensions. TRNSYS software is used for simulation and a multi-stage flash desalination system is defined in this software as a new component type by employing the Fortran program. Solar troughs and natural gas are used for solar energy extraction and heater, respectively. The considered system is investigated in seven different cities with high solar potential from the economic point of view. Also, an economic comparison is conducted in order to assess the multi-stage flash desalination system utilizing solar collector, auxiliary heater, and the system using natural gas without solar system. In this regard, the life cycle cost method is applied. The results of the study showed that using solar energy is more economical in comparison with natural gas for all of the case studies and the highest saving is obtained for Port Hedland in Australia. The lowest cycle cost of the system, utilizing solar energy and natural gas, is observed in Hurghada. In Hurghada, 88% of the energy required by the system is supplied by sun, and this city benefits the most from solar energy compared to other cities. Los Angeles and Manzanillo had the lowest share of solar energy at 59% and 57%, respectively.