Nonionic surfactant vesicles as a novel drug delivery system for increasing the oral bioavailability of Ginsenoside Rb1

Abstract

Abstract In the present study, a novel nonionic surfactant vesicles (NSVs) system consisting of cholesterol, Tween 80 and Span 80 was developed for the delivery of Ginsenoside Rb1 with an improved oral bioavailability. The prepared vesicles were hollow and spherically shaped with acceptable diameter (264.68\xa0±\xa04.17\xa0nm), zeta potential (−11.58\xa0±\xa00.87\xa0mV) and encapsulation efficiency (69.034\xa0±\xa00.045%). XRD analysis provided affirmed the encapsulation of Rb1 in the vesicles. The in vitro release profile of Rb1 from the vesicles in the two different media (double distilled water, pH 7.0, phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.4) showed statistical insignificant difference when compared with the free Ginsenoside Rb1. Notably, the pharmacokinetic analysis of optimized Ginsenoside Rb1-NSVs exhibited a higher Cmax (9.55\xa0±\xa00.5\xa0μg/mL versus 6.22\xa0±\xa00.53\xa0μg/mL) with 1.82-fold increase in relative oral bioavailability. Collectively, these findings revealed that the developed vesicles could be a novel alternative in improving the oral bioavailability of Ginsenoside Rb1 and extending its application in the clinical setting.