Volcaniclastic sandstones record the influence of subducted Pacific MORB on magmatism at the early Izu-Bonin arc

Abstract

Abstract The remnant rear-arc segment of the early Izu-Bonin arc, known as the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR), is a key location where magmatic outputs can be constrained during the lifetime of an island arc. We present new geochemical data for coarse-grained basaltic to andesitic volcaniclastic sandstones derived from the KPR and deposited in the Amami Sankaku Basin (IODP Site U1438, Unit III rocks) in the time period 40–30\u202fMa. Bulk disaggregated and cleaned volcaniclastic sandstones of Unit III at Site U1438 retain primary magmatic signatures and can be used to infer the evolution of magmatic sources of the juvenile Izu-Bonin island arc through time. A sharp increase of slab-derived components to the source of KPR magmatism developed at about 35\u202fMa, indicated by increasing Th/La and decreasing Sm/La, Yb/Hf and Nb/Nd. Systematic variations in trace element ratios and increasing trace element abundances in younger samples through the 40–30\u202fMa time window are decoupled from Hf-Nd isotope ratios, which are measurably more depleted (eHf\u202f=\u202f16.5–15, eNd\u202f=\u202f9.6–8.2) than boninites produced during the preceding magmatic phase and sampled in the modern Izu-Bonin forearc. Hafnium isotopic compositions in the Unit III sandstones remain little-changed and similar to the subducting Pacific Plate after 40\u202fMa and do not revert to highly radiogenic compositions of the Indian-type MORB mantle wedge which is reflected in highly-depleted basalts produced at Site U1438 and in the forearc (commonly eHf\u202f≥\u202f18.0). The overall pattern recorded in Unit III sandstones indicates that the Pacific-type MORB slab-melt component, which was present in the preceding boninite phase of magmatism, persisted after 40\u202fMa, while the subducted sediment component in the boninite source was lost or significantly reduced. Variations in trace element ratios (at constant eNd and near-constant and radiogenic eHf) and in high field strength element abundances of the early Izu Bonin arc are controlled by the addition of a subducted Pacific MORB melt or supercritical fluid to the mantle wedge. A subducted MORB (slab melt) component is thus sampled throughout the early life of the Izu-Bonin arc and in the currently active Izu-Bonin arc-backarc system.