Identification of +49A/G polymorphism of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 gene in type 1 diabetes patients in Kerbala province/Iraq

Abstract

Abstract Background Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an insulin-dependent form of diabetes associated with progressively increasing morbidity and mortality across the globe. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) encoded by the CTLA-4 gene on chromosome 2q33 has an important role in homeostasis and negative regulation of immune responses. Therefore, CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms are considered to be a key element in the development of T1DM. Aim of the study The study aimed to elucidate the contribution of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (+49 A/G) polymorphism of CTLA-4 gene to the susceptibility T1DM. Methods A present case-control study was designed to include 120 Iraqi children with T1DM and 120 healthy children as a control group. The patients were diagnosed previously with T1DM by Al-Imam Al-Hassan center for endocrine and diabetes in Al-Imam Al-Hussein medical city in holy Kerbala province. Genotyping CTLA-4 (+49A/G) gene was performed using tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction technique (T-ARMS-PCR). Results Risk factors of T1DM (Family history of diabetes mellitus, age at onset, gender) were found to be an independent risk factor for T1DM P value >0.05. The AG genotype significantly raised the risk of T1DM by more than six folds (OR\u202f=\u202f6.7, 95% CI; 3.63–12.29, P\u202f Conclusion Our case-control study suggests that the CTLA-4 (+49A/G) gene polymorphism is associated with T1DM in the Kerbala children.