Development of a novel 13C-labelled methionine breath test protocol for potential assessment of hepatic mitochondrial function in sheep using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry

Abstract

Abstract The 13C-labelled methionine breath test is a non-invasive test with the potential to evaluate metabolic liver mitochondrial dysfunction in\xa0vivo. This study aimed to develop an optimised protocol for breath collection in sheep and compare 13C-methionine and methyl-13C-methionine as substrates for future breath test applications in ruminants. Two doses (1\u202fmg/kg and 2\u202fmg/kg) of 13C-methionine or methyl-13C-methionine in saline were administered via intravenous injection to four South Australian Merino ewes aged three years with an average body weight of 65\u202fkg. Exhaled breath samples were collected at baseline and every 10\u202fmin for 180\u202fmin after administration of the 13C-labelled substrate, and analysed using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Dose recovery of 13CO2 derived from 13C-methionine was higher at each time-point compared to that derived from methyl-13C-methionine, at both concentrations. 13C-methionine dose evaluation indicated that intra-individual and inter-individual variability of percentage dose recovery was lower in animals dosed with 2\u202fmg/kg 13C-methionine compared to 1\u202fmg/kg 13C-methionine. Mean cumulative percentage dose recovery of animals administered 1\u202fmg/kg and 2\u202fmg/kg 13C-methionine at 60\u202fmin, 120\u202fmin and 180\u202fmin was 5.34\u202f±\u202f0.87%, 11.52\u202f±\u202f1.29% and 16.30\u202f±\u202f1.45%, and 12.30\u202f±\u202f0.34%, 25.12\u202f±\u202f0.59% and 34.45\u202f±\u202f0.57%, respectively. We conclude that the 13C-labelled methionine breath test can be reliably performed in sheep through intravenous administration of 2\u202fmg/kg 13C-methionine. This study also demonstrated the utility and advantage of 13C-methionine compared to methyl-13C-methionine as substrates for future breath testing applications to evaluate hepatic mitochondrial function in sheep and other ruminants. Further development of the test could be employed to evaluate disease progression and efficacy of applied therapeutics in sheep models of human diseases characterised by hepatic dysfunction. In addition, the 13C-methionine breath test could be utilised in animal production to assess hepatic metabolic function and the potential impact of nutritional mismanagement.