Naringin abrogates HIV-1 protease inhibitors-induced atherogenic dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in vivo

Abstract

Abstract Protective effects of naringin against HIV-1 protease inhibitors (PIs)-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative stress were investigated in vivo. Male Wistar rats were orally treated daily with atazanavir {ATV; 133\u202fmg/kg body weight (BW)}, saquinavir (SQV; 333\u202fmg/kg BW), distilled water (3.0\u202fml/kg BW) and with or without naringin (NAR; 50\u202fmg/kg BW) for 56\u202fdays, respectively. ATV or SQV significantly reduced body weights and plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations but increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol concentrations and calculated atherogenic index ratio, respectively. Furthermore, ATV or SQV treatment significantly increased lipid peroxidation and carbonyl proteins concentrations in plasma, liver and pancreas tissues but significantly reduced antioxidant activities in the liver and pancreas compared to the controls, respectively. However, naringin treatment significantly improved weight loss, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in ATV- or SQV-treated rats, respectively. Naringin prevents HIV PIs-induced dyslipidemia and oxidative stress and may therefore mitigate PI-associated metabolic complications in HIV patients.