Anisole is an environmentally friendly fumigant for postharvest pest control

Abstract

Abstract Plant essential oils have demonstrated insecticidal effects but not many are as effective as currently used fumigants. We evaluated anisole, a volatile compound extracted from aniseed, for control of four insect pests including adult rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), granary weevil, Sitophilus granarius (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and confused flour beetle, Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), and a fresh produce product pest, western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in the laboratory tests. Anisole fumigations were effective against all four pests. At a dose of 100\xa0μL/L, anisole fumigation completely controlled S. granarius and S. oryzae in 24 and 16\xa0h, respectively. At a dose of 150\xa0μL/L, complete control of the two weevils was achieved in 16 and 8\xa0h, respectively. T. confusum was completely controlled in 16 and 8\xa0h with anisole fumigations at 400\xa0μL/L and 600\xa0μL/L respectively. F. occidentalis was 100% controlled in 8 and 6\xa0h treatments with anisole at doses of 150\xa0μL/L and 300\xa0μL/L, respectively. The median lethal times (LT50) of anisole fumigation at 50\xa0μL/L were 0.6 and 0.5\xa0h for S. granarius and S. oryzae, respectively. LT50 for T. confusum at 600\xa0μL/L was 2.9\xa0h. In a 16\xa0h confirmatory test in a mini silo, anisole fumigation achieved 100% control of rice weevil at different depth of stored corn. This study demonstrated that anisole fumigation was effective against insects. Therefore, anisole fumigation has potential as an environmentally friendly, alternative fumigant for postharvest pest control.