Inhibition of edge stenosis of endografts in swine iliac arteries by a novel endograft with biodegradable coating at both ends

Abstract

Abstract Objective This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a novel endograft with biodegradable coating at both ends in preventing edge stenosis in swine iliac arteries. The biodegradable coating was composed of polylactide and paclitaxel. Methods Four types of endograft were implanted in the iliac arteries of healthy swine: an endograft without coating (control group) and endografts with polylactide and paclitaxel coating containing 0.1, 0.3, and 3.6 μg/mm2 paclitaxel, respectively. The edge stenosis of these endografts in swine iliac arteries was assessed using angiographic image data at 30, 90, and 180 days after the operation. After terminal angiography, histological evaluation of the treated arteries was performed. The treated sections of iliac arteries and blood samples were obtained at 1, 7, 30, 90 and 180 days for pharmacokinetic analysis. Results The results of angiographic and histological evaluation demonstrated that intimal hyperplasia contributed to edge stenosis and polylactide-paclitaxel coating effectively inhibited edge stenosis. At 30 days, edge stenosis was observed at both the proximal and distal edges of the endograft without coating. At 90 days, edge stenosis was detected for the endograft coated with 0.1 μg/mm2 paclitaxel, and ectasia dilation occurred at the proximal and distal edges of the endograft coated with 3.6 μg/mm2 paclitaxel. No edge stenosis or other adverse effects were observed at 90 and 180 days for the endograft coated with 0.3 μg/mm2 paclitaxel. In addition, for the endograft coated with 0.3 μg/mm2 paclitaxel, pharmacokinetic analysis showed that the paclitaxel concentration of treated segments decreased from14264 ± 1020 ng/g at day 1 to 80 ± 70 ng/g at day 90, and 20 ± 40 ng/g at day 180. The plasma paclitaxel concentration was low at day 1 and no longer detected after 7 days. Conclusion Polylactide and paclitaxel coating containing 0.3μg/mm2 paclitaxel at both ends of endografts effectively and safely inhibits edge stenosis in swine iliac arteries.