Multiple-SO3H functionalized ionic liquid as efficient catalyst for direct conversion of carbohydrate biomass into levulinic acid

Abstract

Abstract A series of new SO3H-functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) were synthesized and characterized, which were successfully applied to catalyze cellulose to produce levulinic acid (LA) via one-pot reaction. The structure, thermal property, and acidity of ILs were characterized by NMR, TGA, and Hammett acidity measurement. The Hammett acidity (H0) of ILs increase in the following order: [BSim]H2PO4