Impact of diet on the gut microbiome of human and risk diseases

Abstract

Abstract The digestive system of the human is inhabited by trillion of diverse groups of microorganisms including symbiotic, opportunistic pathogens and commensal organisms. All these microbes are collectively named gut microbiome. This microbiota plays a major role in digesting food, help in absorbing and synthesizing some nutrients and release their metabolites that may deliver a variety of growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting factors that influence directly or indirectly on human health. The balance between microbial species, especially those responsible for the fermentation of different substrates within the microbial community, in the majority, is depending on the human daily diet. Therefore, the unbalanced diet may lead to the progress and development of human diseases. These include metabolic and inflammatory disorders, cancer, depression, as well as infant health and longevity. This mini-review, in short, will encompass and incorporate the diet effect on the human microbiome and related risk disease development.