Vertical separation criterion of binary particles under external excitation

Abstract

Abstract Vertical separation occurs in the binary granular system and varies with most factors of external excitation and particle properties, that is complex to explain and predict. We propose that it can be discussed from two aspects: 1) the influence of the specific external-excitation condition and 2) the separation response of the system itself. Based on the percolation and filling behaviors of particles, a vertical separation criterion is presented to discuss the above two aspects with vibration frequency f, dimensionless vibration acceleration Г, airflow velocity u, particle size ratio φd, density ratio φρ and total mass ratio φM when the container size and the granular system s packing height are fixed. In our criterion, Brazil nut separation (BN, large particles rise to the top), reverse Brazil nut separation (RBN, large particles sink to the bottom), and their crossover line (It can present as a MIX distribution where particles mix uniformly) are discussed. It s found that the system with strong separation response (a low φM/φd3φρ) tends to show a strong BN or RBN separation under appropriate conditions of vibration and/or airflow. Conversely, the system with weak separation response (a high φM/φd3φρ) inclines to separate weakly or mix uniformly.