Antibiotics threats on vegetables and the perils of low income nations practices

Abstract

Abstract Loose control on antibiotics usage, improper waste disposal, the use of reclaimed water in crop production, and other poor practices can enhance the antibiotic contamination of soil, water and the environment. These then threaten food safety and human health. Highly susceptible crops such as vegetables easily accumulate antibiotics and can be a viable route for the spread of antibiotics resistant bacteria and the induction of antibiotics resistant genes. This paper discusses common usages and negative impacts of antibiotics, and the extent of their contamination in various environmental components viz-a-viz their impact on vegetables. Peculiar challenges and practices related to low income nations (LINs) as well as their consequential effects are also discussed. Areas of future research that needs attention in LINs are succinctly presented. This review therefore will serve as tool to increase the awareness of consumers, food producers, environmentalists and policy makers on the impact of antibiotics and inadequate practices on vegetable production.