GC–MS and HPLC analysis of antiglycogenolytic and glycogenic compounds in kaempferol 3–O–gentiobioside containing Senna alata L leaves in experimental rats

Abstract

Abstract Background Medicinal herbs have received attention as an alternative to prescription medications. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects the normal metabolic pathways in several organs. The purpose of this study was to determine the metabolites responsible for the antiglycogenolytic and glycogenic effects of a hydroethanolic extract of Senna alata L in an experimental model of diabetes mellitus; the male albino Wister rat treated with streptozotocin. Results The therapeutic effects of Glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg body weight) and S.\xa0alata L (400 mg/kg body weight) extracts were compared. The oral administration of this extract to diabetic rats resulted in a significant decrease in the levels of glycogenolytic factors that included: glycogen phosphorylase, glucose 6 phosphatase, glycosylated haemoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase, and a significant increase in the levels of glycogenic factors such as plasma insulin, glycogen synthase, liver glycogen, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase After administration of the plant extract, the observed changes in the activities of these factors were found to be statistically significant and returned to near-normal levels. Additionally, the S.\xa0alata extract increased muscle and liver glycogen levels, demonstrating S.\xa0alata L s anti-diabetic properties. HPLC analysis identified Kaempferol 3–O–gentiobioside, while GCMS analysis showed the presence of phytol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, dimethyl derivatives, methyl esters, and octanoic acid derivatives. Conclusion This work provides experimental evidence for the anti-diabetic potential of S.\xa0alata extract, which may result from the existence of beneficial bioactive chemicals. The aberrant metabolic enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats livers were restored following regular treatment with S.\xa0alata extract. As a result, S.\xa0alata leaves can affect blood glucose levels.