Polymeric composites for X-ray shielding applications

Abstract

Abstract The application of polymeric composites as X-ray shielding material is a matter of ongoing research interest. Besides, ionizing radiations such as X-rays/gamma-rays have many functions in fields such as medical diagnosis, cancer treatment, and others. However, exposure to these radiations will cause a deterioration in the health of the user, depending on the amount of dose absorbed. In order to protect the users from danger, shielding is necessary. Traditional X-ray shielding relies on the presence of heavy metals, such as lead (Pb). Pb metal possesses specific characteristics where it is one of the most valued and trusted of all materials used for X-ray shielding. But the use of toxic metal such as Pb could cause serious long-term effects on health and environment. Thus, the production of Pb-free and eco-friendly X-ray shielding material is required as an alternative to Pb, thanks to the advancement of combining the polymeric composites with nanotechnology. This chapter focuses on the current trends in the development of novel X-ray shielding material by targeting their appropriateness for use as a suitable candidate for the X-ray shielding application. Moreover, they are developed to enhance X-ray shielding effectiveness in order to meet the safety requirements when used in medical X-ray imaging facilities.