Anti-inflammatory Pharmacotherapy for the Prevention of Cystoid Macular Edema after Cataract Surgery.

Abstract

PURPOSE\nTo elucidate strategies for and controversies surrounding the use of anti-inflammatory medications after uneventful cataract surgery, with a focus on the prevention of irreversible vision loss due to cystoid macular edema (CME).\n\n\nDESIGN\nPerspective.\n\n\nMETHODS\nExpert commentary on the management of inflammation after cataract surgery. Discussion includes combination therapy with corticosteroids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), dosing strategies, and emerging therapies.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWhile prescribing both NSAIDs and corticosteroids for cataract surgery is common, these classes have overlapping mechanisms. Combination therapy may speed visual recovery, but there remains little evidence for improved long-term visual outcomes from NSAIDs. The last two decades have seen increasing data on potential benefits of pretreatment with NSAIDs 1-3 days prior to cataract surgery. Simultaneously, newly approved dropless delivery systems hold promise, and clinical trials are ongoing to assess outcomes of such formulations.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nOptimal pharmacologic treatment for inflammation after cataract surgery remains controversial. A consensus definition for clinically significant CME may facilitate the comparison of anti-inflammatory drugs. And there remains a need for well-designed trials examining both topical and extended-release drug-delivery systems to refine the treatment paradigm.