Interactions among moderate/severe periodontitis, ADIPOQ-rs1501299, and LEPR-rs1137100 polymorphisms on the risk of type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE\nType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex disease influenced by genes and the environment. Periodontitis a demonstrated risk factor of T2DM. Previous studies related to gene-environment interactions on the risk of T2DM mainly focused on gene-obesity interactions. However, the impact of gene-periodontitis interaction on the risk of T2DM has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to investigate gene-environment interactions among moderate/severe periodontitis, polymorphisms of adiponectin (ADIPOQ)-rs1501299, and leptin receptor (LEPR)-rs1137100 on T2DM risk in Chinese subjects.\n\n\nDESIGN\nA case-control study was conducted in 239 Chinese participants from Beijing Hypertension Association Institute (BHAL). After full-mouth periodontal examinations, the participants underwent bilateral buccal swabs for DNA testing. ADIPOQ-rs1501299 and LEPR-rs1137100 were used for genotyping. Generalised multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and logistic regression were used to examine the interactions among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and moderate/severe periodontitis on the risk of T2DM.\n\n\nRESULTS\nThe risk of T2DM was higher in moderate/severe periodontitis [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)\u2009=\u20093.67, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.26-10.71] in ADIPOQ-rs1501299 GG genotype (AOR\u2009=\u20093.42, 95%CI: 1.81-6.46) and LEPR-rs1137100 GG genotype (AOR\u2009=\u20093.16, 95%CI: 1.56-6.39). The GMDR model indicated that there was a significant three-factor model (p\u2009=\u20090.001) involving rs1501299, rs1137100, and moderate/severe periodontitis, demonstrating a potential gene-environment interaction among periodontitis, polymorphisms of rs1501299, and rs1137100 influencing the risk of T2DM. Moderate/severe periodontitis patients with rs1501299-GG and rs1137100-GG have the highest T2DM risk after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, WHR, smoking status, alcohol consumption, economic status, and hypertension (AOR\u2009=\u200920.39, 95%CI: 2.64-157.26).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nInteractions among moderate/severe periodontitis, rs1501299-GG, and rs1137100-GG were associated with an increased risk of T2DM. This study may provide a new insight into the effect of gene-environment interactions on T2DM.