Insulin-like growth factor type I selectively binds to G-quadruplex structures.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nG-quadruplex has been viewed as a promising therapeutic target in oncology due to its potentially important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Emerging evidence suggests that the biological functions of G-quadruplexes are closely related to the binding of some proteins. Insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-1), as a significant modulator of cell growth and development, may serve as a quadruplex-binding protein.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe binding affinity and selectivity of IGF-1 to different DNA motifs in solution were measured by using fluorescence spectroscopy, Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), and force-induced remnant magnetization (FIRM). The effects of IGF-1 on the formation and stability of G-quadruplex structures were evaluated by circular dichroism (CD) and melting fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) spectroscopy. The influence of quadruplex-specific ligands on the binding of G-quadruplexes with IGF-1 was determined by FIRM.\n\n\nRESULTS\nIGF-1 shows a binding specificity for G-quadruplex structures, especially the G-quadruplex structure with a parallel topology. The quadruplex-specific ligands TMPyP4 and PDS (Pyridostatin) can inhibit the interaction between G-quadruplexes and proteins.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nIGF-1 is demonstrated to selectively bind with G-quadruplex structures. The use of quadruplex-interactive ligands could modulate the binding of IGF-1 to G-quadruplexes.\n\n\nGENERAL SIGNIFICANCE\nThis study provides us with a new perspective to understand the possible physiological relationship between IGF-1 and G-quadruplexes and also conveys a strategy to regulate the interaction between G-quadruplex DNA and proteins.