Multi-objective sustainable opened- and closed-loop supply chain under mixed uncertainty during COVID-19 pandemic situation

Abstract

Logistics problems play a significant role in an emergency situation. During and after a critical circumstance (like pandemic COVID-19), it is an important task to active the opened- and closed-loop system through an efficient and resilient supply chain network. This paper considers a multi-objective multi-product multi-period two-stage sustainable opened- and closed-loop supply chain planning to maintain supply among production centers and various hospitals during COVID-19 pandemic situation. To build a less contagious network, transportation problem and pick-up-delivery vehicle routing problem are designed as two stages, respectively to carry out distribution. We allow a mixed uncertain environment by considering uncertain-random parameters in the proposed model to express ambiguity in real-life data. A multi-attribute decision making approach is suggested to determine the priorities of affected areas, according to their urgency in terms of entropy weights. Moreover, a robust optimization approach for uncertain-random parameter is developed to cope with uncertainty in different scenarios, and thereafter augmented weighted Tchebycheff method is applied to solve the model. To demonstrate the practicability of the proposed model and solving approach, three test problems with reasonable sizes are considered and results are discussed through some sensitivity analyses.