Combined lifestyle factors and the risk of LADA and type 2 diabetes - Results from a Swedish population-based case-control study.

Abstract

AIMS\nWe investigated the risk of latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes in relation to a healthy lifestyle, the proportion of patients attributable to an unhealthy lifestyle, and the influence of family history of diabetes (FHD) and genetic susceptibility.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe population-based study included incident LADA (n=571), type 2 diabetes (n=1962), and matched controls (n=2217). A healthy lifestyle was defined by BMI <25 kg/m2, moderate-to-high physical activity, a healthy diet, no smoking, and moderate alcohol consumption. We estimated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for age, sex, education, and FHD.\n\n\nRESULTS\nCompared to a poor/moderate lifestyle, a healthy lifestyle was associated with a reduced risk of LADA (OR 0.51, CI 0.34-0.77) and type 2 diabetes (OR 0.09, CI 0.05-0.15). A healthy lifestyle conferred a reduced risk irrespective of FHD and high-risk HLA genotypes. Having a BMI <25 kg/m2 conferred the largest risk reduction for both LADA (OR 0.54, CI 0.43-0.66) and type 2 diabetes (OR 0.12, CI 0.10-0.15) out of the individual items.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nPeople with a healthy lifestyle, especially a healthy body weight, have a reduced risk of LADA including those with genetic susceptibility to diabetes.