Validation of the COBRA nomogram for the prediction of cancer specific survival in patients treated with radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: An international wide cohort study.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nRecently, the Cancer of the Bladder Risk Assessment (COBRA) score has been introduced to estimate cancer specific survival (CSS) after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.\n\n\nOBJECTIVES\nAim of our study was to validate the COBRA score, assessing the effect of age, tumor stage and lymph-nodes status on CSS after cystectomy in patients with bladder cancer.\n\n\nDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS\nA consecutive series of 2395 patients with primitive or recurrent bladder cancer treated with radical cystectomy in 4 centers were evaluated.\n\n\nOUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS\nThe role of COBRA score as predictor of CSS was assessed using the Kaplan Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses. Accuracy of COBRA score was evaluated by Harrell s C test.\n\n\nRESULTS AND LIMITATIONS\nMedian age was 66 (IQR 58/73) years. Overall, at a median follow-up of 48 (IQR 22/92) months, 642 patients (27%) died of bladder cancer. On Cox proportional hazards analyses, COBRA score was a significant predictor of CSS (HR 1.54, 95%CI 1.47-1.61) (Table\xa01). The predictive accuracy of the COBRA score was 0.71. A sub analysis including pooled COBRA score (0 vs 1-3 vs 4 vs 5-7) improved the clinical applicability with the same accuracy.\n\n\nCONCLUSION\nIn our experience, the COBRA score is an excellent tool to predict cancer specific survival. The COBRA Score represents a practical and easy tool that may help urologists to classify the CSS of patients treated with radical cystectomy, to predict the oncological outcome and finally to counsel bladder cancer patients.