Analysis and microbial degradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) in Winogradsky column.

Abstract

Plastic pollution is threatening the world and the life in it. Cost-effective and eco-friendly treatment is the need of the hour. Treating plastics using chemical methods adds up chemicals into the environment with toxic byproducts. The physical method, a slow and expensive process, is not the better alternative. The process should rely on the environmental sources producing eco-friendly byproducts. The byproducts such as biofuel could be utilized for a sustainable environment, but the conversion of plastics into biofuel is expensive. Hence, biodegradation is the better, sustainable, and cost-effective process for plastic/any other pollutant removal. The study focuses on the construction of Winogradsky column using dumpsite soil. The column amended with Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) serves as a carbon source for native microbes. The utilization of microbes in every niche for the degradation enhances the degradation of LDPE. The Otteri soil resulted in 35.4\u202f±\u202f0.3%, while Kodungaiyur and agriculture soil show 29.7\u202f±\u202f0.6% and 19.8\u202f±\u202f0.8%. The AFM analysis shows the disruption of smooth LDPE surface by forming ridges and grooves, which further confirms the occurrence of degradation. The FTIR analysis shows the incorporation of OH, CO, and other CO-O-CO in the CH backbone of LDPE. The oxidation of LDPE will aid in cleavage and result in the process of weathering. The tensile strength decreased after LDPE treatment (23.88\u202fMPa - control, 22.50\u202fMPa - Kodungaiyur, and 14.92\u202fMPa - Otteri). Thus, utilizing the native microbes present in every niche enhances the degradation of pollutants.