Evaluation of leaves of Goniothalamus wynaadensis Bedd. for inhibition of metabolic viability of cancer cells & antimicrobial efficacy

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Goniothalamus wynaadensis Bedd. is a less explored medicinal plant belonging to the family Annonaceae. This species has been traditionally used by tribes of Wayanad, Kerala, in India, and also Indonesian tribes for joint-related ailments and also as a deodorizer. The aim of the study was to analyze leaf extracts of the plant for their antimicrobial and anticancer properties along with phytochemical screening. Methods MTT assay was used to assess the cytotoxic potential of plant extracts against MDA-MB-231 and A-549. Antimicrobial potential of plant extracts was analyzed via liquid broth turbidometry assay and well in agar plate methods. Identification tests were carried out for phytochemical screening. Results Antimicrobial assay showed EC50 values for ethyl acetate extract 0.82\u202fmg/mL against Escherichia coli, 0.82\u202fmg/mL against Salmonella typhi, & 0.88\u202fmg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus which are quite significant. Other solvent extracts also displayed antimicrobial activities at varying dosage. MTT assay was performed at the dose concentrations of 1\u202fμg/mL, 5\u202fμg/mL & 25\u202fμg/mL, 50\u202fμg/mL and 100\u202fμg/mL to confirm the cytotoxicity of the extracts. The ethyl acetate extract displayed EC50 values of 4.96\u202fμg/mL against A-549 lung cancer cell line and 2.50\u202fμg/mL against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. Other extracts were also found to be cytotoxic. Conclusion Ethyl acetate & water extracts have demonstrated potent activity against Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, & Staphylococcus aureus bacteria as well as, showing cytotoxicity against tested cancer cell lines. These results can be explored to identify individual phyto-molecules from the extracts with anticancer & antimicrobial potential.