Sedentary behavior and estimated nephron number in middle-aged and older adults with or without chronic kidney disease

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nExcessive sedentary behavior may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The nephron index is a novel methodology for non-invasively estimating the number of functional nephrons, under the assumption that serum fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) concentrations should correlate with phosphate excretion per nephron. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional associations between daily sedentary time and the nephron index in middle-aged and older adults with or without CKD.\n\n\nMETHODS\nThe daily time spent in sedentary behavior was assessed using a tri-axial accelerometer in 294 participants (182 non-CKD adults and 112 CKD patients). The nephron index value was calculated by measuring blood and spot urine phosphate and creatinine, together with serum FGF23 concentrations and estimated glomerular filtration rate.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe observed that advancing age and CKD were associated with a progressive decrease in the nephron index value. Additionally, CKD patients with more sedentary time also had a greater nephron index decrease compared to those with less sedentary time (P\u202f<\u202f0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis confirmed the independent association between sedentary time and the nephron index after adjusting for age, sex, presence of CKD, overweight/obesity, medication use, and total wear time (β\u202f=\u202f-0.13, P\u202f=\u202f0.035).\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThese cross-sectional findings suggest that age- or CKD-related decreases in the estimated nephron number (that is, the nephron index) may be accelerated by increased sedentary behavior.