Widely used gene editing strategies in cancer treatment a systematic review

Abstract

Abstract Cancer is considered one of the most dreaded diseases all over the world. Nearly half of the cancer patients diagnosed are dying throughout the year. Despite the advancement in the last years, the high cancer mortality rate reveals the urgent requirement of more effective remediation. Gene editing is a new technology capable of deletion, mutation, or substitution of target genes and has a great possibility for treating cancer. Gene editing using engineered nucleases has enabled researchers to specifically modify genes for various applications such as biotechnology and gene therapy. However, the most common engineered nucleases used in genome editing technology are zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats associated RNA guided Cas9 (CRISPR-Cas9) nucleases. The genome-editing process utilizes those nucleases to generate a DNA double-strand break (DSB) and then allow the repair machinery of the cell to fix the break. Consequently, the DNA sequence is changed precisely. In the present review, we explained the technicality of gene editing with engineered nucleases exploited to identify the target genes for treating cancer.