Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus infections in Danish patients diagnosed with vulvar squamous cell tumors and precursors

Abstract

Highlights • Most precursor lesions of VSCC appear to be HPV associated.• A noteworthy proportion of keratinizing tumors, normally considered HPV independent, are HPV positive.• Our findings pose a challenge to the two-pathway model in vulvar cancer development.• HPV-16 is found in the majority of VSCC and vulvar HSIL cases followed by HPV-33, which is the second most common type.