The removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution using mangosteen peel activated carbon: Isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic and binding energy calculation

Abstract

Abstract Heavy metal ion such as lead(II) ion (Pb2+), contamination of drinking and waste water, is a serious and ongoing problem. Among available technologies, adsorption is here presented as an effective technology. The aims of this work were to investigate the adsorption capacity, kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and adsorption energy of Pb2+ by activated carbon (AC) prepared from mangosteen peel (MPAC). Maximum Pb2+ adsorption equal 130\u202fmg\u202fg−1 was achieved when using Pb2+ concentration of 50\u202fmg\u202fL−1, adsorbent dose of 0.67\u202fmg\u202fmL−1, pH of 5, contact time of 180\u202fmin, and temperature of 30\u202f°C. The isotherm adsorption was found to fit well with the Langmuir isotherm. The kinetics adsorption behavior go along with the pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG