Methyl jasmonate and crude extracts of Fusarium solani elicit agarwood compounds in shoot culture of Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.

Abstract

Agarwood forms in the heartwood of trees in the family Thymelaeaceae in response to wounding, infection, or other stresses. Its formation is random and takes decades in natural populations, which are harvested for their aromatic compounds. This harvest has led to declining population, and many agarwood producing trees are considered endangered. Therefore, an alternative source would be desirable. We established an in vitro shoot culture method for one agarwood species, Aquillaria malaccensis. Agarwood production was elicited by introducing methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and crude extracts of Fusarium solani into the liquid culture medium. A high concentration of MeJA resulted in necrotic shoot tissue, while application of the crude extracts had no effect on growth of the shoots. Interestingly, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of MeJA-treated shoots revealed the presence of several agarwood compounds, including sesquiterpenes and chromone derivative. In addition, GC-MS analysis of shoot-treated with the extracts revealed the presence of alkanes, aromatic compounds, and fatty acid derivatives. It may be that different elicitors induce the production of different compounds in A. malaccensis in vitro shoot cultures and could be used to manipulate the accumulation of different products in culture.