Persistent viremia and presence of hepatitis E virus RNA in pig muscle meat after experimental co-infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.

Abstract

Although hepatitis E virus (HEV) transmission has been demonstrated after consumption of products containing infected pig liver, human cases can be also associated with other pig meat products, such as sausages. Data on HEV viremia and dissemination in muscle meat of infected animals are still sparse, especially during long-term infection. Previously, we have shown that experimental co-infection of pigs with HEV and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) lengthens HEV infection up to 49\u202fdays and increases the likelihood of the presence of HEV RNA in the liver of the pig at a later stage of infection. In the present study, we show that during experimental HEV-PRRSV co-infection, prolonged HEV viremia, up to 49\u202fdays post-inoculation (dpi), is detected. The long-term viremia observed was statistically associated with the absence of HEV seroconversion. HEV RNA was also frequently detected, at a late stage of infection (49\u202fdpi), in the three different types of muscle tested: femoral biceps, psoas major or diaphragm pillar. The HEV RNA load could reach up to 1\u202f·\u202f106 genome copies per gram of muscle. Detection of HEV in muscle meat was statistically associated with high HEV loads in corresponding liver and fecal samples. The presence of HEV in pig blood, femoral biceps and major psoas, corresponding to ham and tenderloin muscles respectively, is of concern for the food industry. Hence, these results indicate new potential risks for consumers and public health regarding pork products.