Phosphorus and oxygen doped carbon-based on Spirulina microalgae as efficient metal-free catalysts to obtain H2 from methanolysis of NaBH4

Abstract

Abstract Metal-free catalysts (SP–KOH–P) doped phosphorus and oxygen as a result of modification with H3PO4 to the surface of the activated carbon sample (SP–KOH) obtained by activation of KOH with Spirulina microalgae were used to obtain hydrogen (H2) from methanolysis of NaBH4. The characteristic structure of SP-KOH-P and SP-KOH metal-free catalysts were examined by XRD, TEM, elemental analysis, FTIR, and ICP-MS. The effects of the amount of catalyst, NaBH4 concentration, reusability, and temperature on H2 production rate from NaBH4 methanolysis reaction were investigated. The hydrogen production rate (HGR) obtained with 25\xa0mg SP-KOH-P was found to be 19,500\xa0mL\xa0min−1\xa0g−1. The activation energy (Ea) value of SP-KOH-P metal-free catalyst sample was calculated as 38.79\xa0kJ\xa0mol−1.