Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on torque and performance in recreational distance runners: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is used by athletes to improve muscle performance. However, evidence on the use of NMES in long distance runners is scarce. As such, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of NMES on the muscle torque and sports performance of long-distance recreational runners. Methods This was a blinded randomized controlled trial. Data from 30 volunteers were analyzed. Participants were randomly allocated to an experimental (n\u202f=\u202f15) or control group (n\u202f=\u202f15). The experimental group was submitted to running training (RT) and a strengthening protocol with NMES (1\u202fkHz, modulated in 2ms bursts, 50Hz modulated burst frequency and 10% duty cycle, 15 minutes totaling 18 contractions per sessions) for 6 weeks, with 3 sessions per week, while controls were submitted to RT alone. The following variables were analyzed: peak isometric (ISO), concentric (CON), and eccentric (ECC) torque of the quadriceps muscle in voluntary contractions, ventilatory anaerobic thresholds (VATs), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and oxygen cost of transport (OCT). Results The NMES group obtained higher values of ISO, 21.04% (p\u202f=\u202f0.001), CON, 21.97% (p\u202f=\u202f0.001) and ECC, 18.74% (p\u202f=\u202f0.001) peak torque and VAT1, 9.56% (p\u202f=\u202f0.001), as well as a statistically significant improvement in oxygen cost of transport at VAT1 when compared to controls (p\u202f=\u202f0.001). Conclusion NMES was effective in improving peak isometric, concentric and eccentric quadriceps muscle torque, in addition to being an interesting resource for enhancing sports performance in long-distance recreational runners and future clinical trials should be performed to compare the use of NMES to different forms of training over longer training periods.