A simple method defines 3D morphology and axon projections of filled neurons in a small CNS volume: Steps toward understanding functional network circuitry

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nFundamental to understanding neuronal network function is defining neuron morphology, location, properties, and synaptic connectivity in the nervous system. A significant challenge is to reconstruct individual neuron morphology and connections at a whole CNS scale and bring together functional and anatomical data to understand the whole network.\n\n\nNEW METHOD\nWe used a PC controlled micropositioner to hold a fixed whole mount of Xenopus tadpole CNS and replace the stage on a standard microscope. This allowed direct recording in 3D coordinates of features and axon projections of one or two neurons dye-filled during whole-cell recording to study synaptic connections. Neuron reconstructions were normalised relative to the ventral longitudinal axis of the nervous system. Data coordinates were stored as simple text files.\n\n\nRESULTS\nReconstructions were at 1\u2009µm resolution, capturing axon lengths in mm. The output files were converted to SWC format and visualised in 3D reconstruction software NeuRomantic. Coordinate data are tractable, allowing correction for histological artefacts. Through normalisation across multiple specimens we could infer features of network connectivity of mapped neurons of different types.\n\n\nCOMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS\nUnlike other methods using fluorescent markers and utilising large-scale imaging, our method allows direct acquisition of 3D data on neurons whose properties and synaptic connections have been studied using whole-cell recording.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nThis method can be used to reconstruct neuron 3D morphology and follow axon projections in the CNS. After normalisation to a common CNS framework, inferences on network connectivity at a whole nervous system scale contribute to network modelling to understand CNS function.