Anti‐inflammatory and Osteogenic Effects of Calcium Silicate–based Root Canal Sealers

Abstract

Introduction An ideal root canal sealer creates a bacteria‐resistant seal and exhibits antimicrobial activity, biocompatibility, and osteoconductivity. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of 3 root canal sealers on cell viability, inflammatory response, and osteogenic potential in MC3T3‐E1 cells. Methods AH Plus (Dentsply Caulk, Milford, DE), MTA Fillapex (Angelus Solucxoes Odontologicas, Londrina, Brazil), and EndoSequence BC (Brasseler, Savannah, GA) were mixed according to the manufacturer s instructions, and samples were prepared as extraction media (final dilution: 1/10). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (100 ng/mL) treatment was used to induce an inflammatory response in this study. Cell viability was evaluated using the Water soluble tetrazolium‐1 (WST‐1) assay. The levels of inflammatory mediators (interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and osteogenic marker genes (ALP and OCN) were measured by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Osteogenic potential was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining. Results Calcium silicate–based sealers such as MTA Fillapex and EndoSequence BC showed strong cell viability compared with AH Plus. AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and EndoSequence BC decreased the levels of LPS‐induced inflammatory mediators (P < .05). The expression of osteogenic marker genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralized nodule formation decreased with LPS treatment. However, AH Plus and calcium silicate–based sealers increased the osteogenic potential reduced by LPS treatment (P < .05). Conclusions Calcium silicate–based sealers exhibit anti‐inflammatory effects and induce osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 cells. HighlightsWe evaluated the biocompatibility, anti‐inflammatory, and osteogenic effects of calcium silicate–based root canal sealers.Calcium silicate–based sealers showed good cell viability compared with epoxy resin–based sealer.The expression of osteogenic marker genes, ALP activity, and mineralized nodule formation decreased by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, but calcium silicate–based sealers and epoxy/amine resin–based sealer increased osteogenic potential and mineralization reduced by LPS treatment.