Abundance and composition of floating marine macro litter on the eastern sector of the Mediterranean Sea.

Abstract

Floating marine litter is known to be currently a widespread pollution problem, especially in the Mediterranean basin, but records on the levels of floating debris in the eastern part are less known. By using an observation platform (32\u202fdays, 137 transects, 1784\u202fkm), this study provides evidence of a high amount of floating debris in the Levantine sub-basin, within the eastern Mediterranean Sea. The density of floating litter varied between 18 and 1593\u202fitems\u202fkm-2 (average 232\u202f±\u202f325\u202fitems\u202fkm-2), and small plastic debris accounted for >90% of the items surveyed. These values tend to be higher than densities reported for the central and western Mediterranean areas, which may be related to the circulation patterns and inputs from coastal sources. Significant correlations of floating macro litter density with wind force and sea state were found, thus strengthening the need to standardise protocols (including oceanographic variables) of visual surveys of floating debris.