Incidence and Risk Factors for Bilateral Proximal Femoral Fractures.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nProximal femoral fractures (PFFs) are a public health issue due to their high frequency. The frequency of a second PFF on the other side is estimated at 10%. This estimation is controversial, however, and the risk factors have not been evaluated in a large population of French patients. The objective of this retrospective case-control study was to determine (1) the incidence of second PFFs and (2) their risk factors.\n\n\nHYPOTHESIS\nThe incidence of second PFFs is >2% after 1 year and >5% after 3 years.\n\n\nMATERIAL AND METHODS\nWe conducted a case-control study in a population of consecutive patients managed surgically for PPF at the Lyon Sud Hospital between 2013 and 2014. We analysed the following clinical factors: age, sex, body mass index (BMI), institutionalisation, the Parker score, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA), comorbidities, and the use of psychoactive drugs.\n\n\nRESULTS\nWe included 474 PFFs (trochanter, n=240 and neck, n=234) of which 36 were bilateral. The contralateral fracture occurred within 1 year of the first fracture in 6/474 (1.3%) cases and within 3 years in all 36 cases (7.6%). The case-control study comprised 49 cases with bilateral PFF and 161 controls with no second hip fracture within 3 years. Risk factors for a second hip fracture were age older than 90 years (odds ratio [OR] = 5.44; 95% confidence interval [95%CI], 112-2642 (p=0.002)) and a history of heart disease (OR, 2.18; 95%CI, 1.06-4.47 (p=0.03)). A Parker score ≥6 was protective (OR, 0.84; 95%CI,\u20090.71-0.99 (p=0.03)). Mortality after 3 years was 42% (201/474), and 13% (63/474) of patients were lost to follow-up.\n\n\nDISCUSSION\nAge older than 90 years, a Parker score below 6, and a history of heart disease are risk factors for a second PFF within 3 years after the first PFF.\n\n\nLEVEL OF EVIDENCE\nIII; case-control study.