Effects of carbazochrome sodium sulfonate combined with tranexamic acid on hemostasis and inflammation during perioperative period of total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract

BACKGROUND\nThe hemostatic effect of tranexamic acid (TXA) combined with carbazochrome sodium sulfonate (CSS) in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has not been determined. Therefore we performed a randomized study aiming to evaluate the effects of CSS combined with TXA on perioperative blood loss and inflammatory response of THA.\n\n\nHYPOTHESIS\nCSS combined with TXA can effectively reduce perioperative blood loss and immune response\u2009compared to TXA.\n\n\nMATERIAL AND METHODS\nThis randomized placebo-controlled trial assigned 150 patients undergoing unilateral primary total hip arthroplasty who underwent direct anterior approach surgery to 3 groups: group A received TXA plus topical CSS; group B received TXA only; and group C received placebo. The main outcome was total blood loss. Secondary outcomes included reduction in hemoglobin concentration, coagulation parameters, inflammatory marker levels, perioperative visual analog scale (VAS) pain score, transfusion rates, postoperative hospital stay, and incidence of thromboembolic events.\n\n\nRESULTS\nTotal blood loss in group A (668.84±230.95mL) was lower than in group B (940.96±359.22 mL) and C (1166.52±342.85 mL, p < 0.05). We also found that compared with group B, postoperative hip pain, biomarker level of inflammation, visual analogue score (VAS) pain score in group A were significantly improved. The transfusion rate and unit of group A were significantly lower than group C (8 patients ; 17.5 units), but there was no statistical difference between group A (no transfusion) and group B (2 patients; 4 units). No differences were observed in thromboembolic and other outcomes among the groups.\n\n\nDISCUSSION\nThe combined application of topic CSS and TXA is more effective than TXA alone following THA in regard of reducing total blood loss. In addition, CSS combined with TXA is better than TXA alone in terms of improving postoperative hip pain and reducing the level of inflammatory factors.\n\n\nLEVEL OF EVIDENCE\nI; randomized controlled study.