Fascinating regulatory mechanism of silicon for alleviating drought stress in plants.

Abstract

Plants confront several environmental stresses that are crucial in defining plant productivity. Among these environmental stresses, drought stress is recognized as the foremost abiotic factor which affects the food security around the globe due to its negative impact on the plant development, and quality of plant products. Because of this, drought stress has gained an imperative appearance in the field of plant sciences in recent years. Silicon (Si), an agronomically essential mineral nutrient, is recognized highly advantageous in enhancing plant growth at various phases of plant life cycle under water deficit circumstances. Si has been considered extensively useful in mitigating harmful consequences of drought stress by enhancing root H2O absorption, regulating uptake of nutrients, reducing transpiration rate, improving photosynthetic activity, increment in the production of compatible solutes and by elevating plant antioxidant defense functioning. Si also known to improve plant endurance to limited water availability by inducing the functioning of various stress associated genes. To maximize the potential benefits and sustainable efficiency of Si in agriculture, it is of crucial importance to gain knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of how Si counteract stress conditions. Various findings suggested that Si increases the plant s immune system against drought stress, and application of Si is an important approach to shield plants from adverse stress conditions and soil nutrient depletion. This paper shows that Si has imperative and noteworthy impacts on improving plant tolerance to drought stress via maintaining cellular homeostasis. Present review mainly provides an insight into silicon role as beneficial element to alleviate drought stress in plants by regulating their morphological, physicochemical and molecular characteristics.