Diagnostic status and age at diagnosis of hypertension on adherence to lifestyle recommendations

Abstract

Regular physical activity, smoking cessation, and moderate alcohol consumption are important lifestyle behaviors that can be modified when managing hypertension. This study examined the associations of diagnostic status and age at hypertension diagnosis with lifestyle behaviors among individuals with hypertension. Data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2012 (N\u202f=\u202f5231). Multinomial logistic regression models were used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of adopting lifestyle behaviors. A diagnosis of hypertension was associated with an individual being a past smoker (RR\u202f=\u202f1.26, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.52). There was an association between duration since diagnosis and being a past smoker (RR\u202f=\u202f1.01; 95% CI 1.01, 1.02; P\u202f=\u202f0.004). Excessive drinking was inversely associated with duration since diagnosis (RR\u202f=\u202f0.95; 95% CI 0.94, 0.96; P\u202f<\u202f0.001). Older age at diagnosis was associated with the risk of being a past smoker (RR\u202f=\u202f1.03; 95% CI 1.02, 1.04; P-value<0.001) and negatively associated with excessive drinking (RR\u202f=\u202f0.96; 95% CI 0.95, 0.97; P\u202f<\u202f0.001). Individuals who exercised, even though less than the recommended time, were more likely to have younger age at diagnosis (RR\u202f=\u202f0.98; 95% CI 0.97, 0.99; P\u202f<\u202f0.001) and shorter duration since diagnosis (RR\u202f=\u202f0.98; 95% CI 0.96, 0.99; P\u202f<\u202f0.001) compared to individuals with who did not engage in physical activity. Individuals with diagnosed hypertension were more likely to quit smoking, and those with younger age at diagnosis or shorter duration tended to exercise regularly. Regular visits to doctors should focus on hypertension control and health behavior modifications.