Symptoms prior to sudden death

Abstract

Background Sudden death accounts for up to 15% of all deaths among working age adults. A better understanding of victims’ medical care and symptoms reported at their last medical encounter may identify opportunities for interventions to prevent sudden deaths. Methods From 2013−15, all out-of-hospital deaths, ages 18–64 reported by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in Wake County, North Carolina were screened and adjudicated to identify 399 victims of sudden death, 264 of whom had available medical records. Demographic and clinical characteristics and prescribed medications were compared between victims with versus without a medical encounter within one month preceding death with chi-square tests and t-tests, as appropriate. Symptoms reported in medical encounters within one month preceding death were analyzed. Results Among the 264 victims with available medical records, 73 (27.7%) had at least one encounter within a month preceding death. These victims were older and more likely to have multiple chronic illnesses, yet most were not prescribed evidence-based medicines. Of these 73 victims, 30 (41.1%) reported cardiac symptoms including dyspnea, edema, and chest pain. Conclusions Many victims seek medical care and report cardiac symptoms in the month prior to sudden death. However, medications that might prevent sudden death are under prescribed. These findings suggest that there are opportunities for intervention to prevent sudden death.