Is a separate clinical pathway for first seizures justified? Appraisal of the first seizure pathway at a tertiary neuroscience centre

Abstract

OBJECTIVES\nTo investigate the clinical characteristics, final diagnosis, investigation results, management, response to anti-seizure medications (ASMs) and clinical outcomes of individuals assessed in a First Seizure service over a 5-year period.\n\n\nMETHODS\nRetrospective analysis of 772 individuals who were clinically assessed in a dedicated First Seizure service at National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery (NHNN), Queen Square over a 5-year period.\n\n\nRESULTS\n772 individuals were assessed following a suspected or reported first seizure (median age of 54, average age of 39.4, range 16-96). 393 (50.9 %) were ultimately diagnosed with a definite seizure of which 183 (46.5 %) had experienced seizures previously which had not been recognised or diagnosed. 250 (32 %) had vasovagal syncope and 69 (18.2 %) were diagnosed with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. EEGs in 16.6 % of individuals who had a first unprovoked seizure demonstrated epileptiform discharges, whilst 33.6 % had abnormal MRI findings felt to be clinically relevant.\n\n\nCONCLUSIONS\nSeizure mimics represent a significant proportion of attendees to a first seizure service. Improved recognition and more education of this issue could facilitate earlier management of these other diagnostic entities and ensure that only appropriate cases are referred to the first seizure service. Almost half of first seizure cases had previous seizures, highlighting the importance of obtaining this relevant history and in reviewing ASM-naive individuals in a timely manner with the primary aim of preventing further recurrences.