Retinoblastoma in older patients: A retrospective comparative analysis of 100 consecutive patients based on age

Abstract

Purpose To describe comparative clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of retinoblastoma in patients initially diagnosed at age 4 or older. Methods Retrospective case series. Results There were 101 eyes in 100 consecutive patients age ≥4\u202fyears diagnosed with retinoblastoma. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 6.6\u202fyears (median 5.3, range 4.0–41.0\u202fyears). Tumors were predominantly classified (International Classification of Retinoblastoma) as group D (31%) or E (65%). Patients were divided by age into 3 groups: young (4–6\u202fyears [65%]), middle (>6–8\u202fyears [23%]), and older (>8 years [12%]). Comparing by age group (young vs. middle vs. older), mean tumor basal diameter (19.9 vs. 17.3 vs. 17.0\u202fmm, p\u202f=\u202f0.05) and mean tumor thickness (11.0 vs. 9.4 vs. 7.0\u202fmm, p\u202f<\u202f0.01) were greatest in the youngest group. Distance to the optic nerve (1.5 vs. 1.7 vs. 5.0\u202fmm, p\u202f=\u202f0.01) and foveola (1.9 vs. 1.8 vs. 6.0\u202fmm, p\u202f<\u202f0.01) were greatest in the oldest age group. Objective findings of leukocoria and strabismus were more common in younger patients, while older patients complained of subjective findings, like decreased vision (19% vs. 30% vs. 60%, p\u202f<\u202f0.01) and floaters (3% vs. 4% vs. 17%, p\u202f=\u202f0.05). Primary treatment included enucleation (76%) and other modalities (24%). Globe salvage rate was 13%, with no significant difference by age. Comparison of globe salvage by revealed significant improvement between 1974–2008 (6%) and 2009–2017 (38%, p\u202f<\u202f0.01). Conclusion Retinoblastoma in older patients (>8 years) tends to be smaller and more peripherally located, with more subjective presenting symptoms.