Financial and Technical Analyses of Solar Boats as A Means of Sustainable Transportation

Abstract

Abstract Because of the effects of climate change, a sustainable transportation system based on renewable energy resources needs to be developed to improve the quality of life. In this study, three sustainable transportation designs and an on-grid power plant design using photovoltaic (PV) panels were analyzed for their feasibility as an alternative to diesel-powered tourist boats. Various financial and technical aspects were considered, such as the local irradiation, energy yield, and system energy loss. As a case study, a solar-aided boat was considered, where an off-grid rooftop PV system with 9.8 kWh batteries was installed to meet the energy requirements for internal services and reduce diesel usage. The solar-aided boat was demonstrated to be an economical solution, where the PV system reduced the diesel consumption of the boat by 15% and produced an annual energy output of 5540 kWh. For fully electric solar boats, simulation results showed that a 60 kWh battery system covers the initial investment within 9 years, while a solar boat with 120 kWh a battery system covers it in 13 years. A 300 kW on-grid PV plant was analyzed for its ability to meet the energy demands of an entire tourist boat fleet, and the plant was estimated to reduce CO2 emissions by 330 tons each year. These findings show that various off-grid rooftop PV systems can be adapted for sustainable transportation while reducing the operating costs of the boat. This study also promotes the transition of boats to cleaner and more sustainable energy sources.